Trans fatty acids have been shown to increase blood lipids. Industrially produced trans fat are shown to increase the risk of coronary heart disease as they have adverse influence on the ratio of LDL on HDL, and on Lp(a. It has been questioned if VA has these same adverse effects. In one study with hamster, Meijer et al.found that VA was more detrimental to cardiovascular risk than elaidic acid (18:1, 9t) due to a more increasing effect on LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. Furthermore,Clifton et al.showed that VA was an independent predictor of a first myocardial infarction. In contrast to
this, it has been shown by Willett et al. [28] that trans fat from animals did not give an increased risk for CHD. As recently demonstrated by Tricon et al , a combination
of naturally increased concentration of VA and 9c,11t-CLA in milk fat did not result in detrimental effects on most cardiovascular disease risk parameters. However, it
remains to clarify if VA has unhealthy effects on blood lipids