In the 20th century, language began to be understood as an interplay of sound and meaning. The discipline of phonetics was formulated to study linguistic sound, and is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds and non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and perceived. The study of language meaning, on the other hand, deals with how languages employ logic and real-world references to convey, process, and assign meaning, as well as to manage and resolve ambiguity. While the study of semantics is concerned with how meaning is inferred from words and concepts, pragmatics deals with how meaning is inferred from context. This popular understanding of language structure took off with the Prague school and the Russian formalists, and with Mikhail Bakhtin's structural analysis of narrative, for instance, which became a significant landmark as part of the ideological movement away from historicism to structuralism.