1.Shocks to the system- events which change the world and the way we think about it and force us to innovate in new directions
2.Accidents – unexpected and surprising things which offer new directions for innovation
3.Watching others- innovation arising from imitating or extending what others do benchmarking, reverse engineering, coping
4.Recombinant innovation–ideas and applications in one world transferred to a new context
5.Regulation–changing rules of the game push or pull innovation in new directions
6.Advertising-uncovering and amplifying latent needs
7.Inspiration the Archimedes moment
8.Knowledge push – creating opportunity by pushing the frontiers of science forward
9.Design drive innovation
10.Need pull – necessity as the mother of invention, and innovation
11.Users as innovators
12.Exploring alternative future and opening up different possibilities