Summary. — Community-based health insurance is an emerging and promising concept, which
addresses health care challenges faced in particular by the rural poor. The aim of this paper is to
analyse whether rural Senegal members of a health insurance scheme are actually better-off than
nonmembers. The results show that in poor environments, insurance programs can work: Members
of les mutuelles de sante (mutual health organizations) have a higher probability of using
hospitalization services than nonmembers and pay substantially less when they need care.
Furthermore, the analysis revealed that while the schemes achieved to attract poor people, the
poorest of the poor remained excluded.
2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.