Calcium alginate beads containing living or autoclaved yeast cells were rinsed twice with 25 mL sterile distilled water to remove CaCl2 excess and finally added to glass flasks containing 25 mL commercial grape juice (Vitalift, Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG, Neckarsulm, Germany) spiked with 20 μg/kg of OTA (1:1 ratio between calcium alginate beads and juice volume).