Japan should learn "profound lessons from history", China's defence ministry said after Japan's parliamentary vote.
The vote allows Japanese troops to fight overseas for the first time since the end of World War Two 70 years ago.
Tensions between China and Japan have escalated in recent months over a group of islands to which both lay claim.
The security laws were voted through Japan's upper house late on Friday, with 148 lawmakers voting in support and 90 against.
It followed nearly 200 hours of political wrangling, with scuffles breaking out at various points between the bills' supporters and opposition members attempting to delay the vote.