Donald Rumsfeld, George W. Bush's secretary of defense, established himself from the very outset of the administration as a functionalist who organization. While few seem to disagree that urgent reform is necessary, Rumsfeld has encountered stiff resistance from senior officers and congress people over his proposals. In part this is a matter of style. Rumsfeld is considered brusque, and many of his opponents feel that they have not been adequately consulted. He selected a military reformer, Andrew Marshall, who was a longtime antagonist of the military for his frequent questioning of the need for carriers, tanks, and short-range fighters. It is also a matter of the content of the proposed reforms. Rumsfeld proposed to do away with the "two major war" benchmark. While unclear on what measure of fitness is to replace this standard, it is clear that he wants American military strategy focused more on Asia than on Europe. Rumsfeld wants to cut the B-1 bomber force by one third and close military bases as a cost-saving device in order to invest more funds in next-generation weapons. One of those weapons systems will be a national ballistic missile defense system. Finally Rumsfeld has sought to make good on a Bush campaign promise to significantly cut the number of nuclear warheads, prompting the commander of U.S. strategy forces to term the proposal as "naive and mistaken." He referred senators to a 1997 Clinton administration