In the latest wave of separatist struggle, BRN-C has emerged as the main insurgent group. The group relies on fighters organised in autonomous cells acting in their own communities, making it difficult for security agencies to separate friend from foe. The separatists are largely factionalised, and a number of additional groups are active in the south, primarily the Pattani United Liberation Organisation (PULO) and Gerakan Mujahideen Islam Pattani.