: (1932) Siamese revolution (also called a coup or regime change) as a major turning point in the history of the Thai in the 20th century the incident occurred when the results June 24, 2475 (1932) Kingdom of Siam country format change from absolute monarchy to monarchy regime, under the Constitution and change the Government to a parliamentary style democracy. Arise from Faculty of the military and civilians that go into a political party, the first party of Siam called themselves as "people", as well as increased world-historical change and social and political change within the country. The revolution also makes it possible for sayam people received the first Constitution as well.
Behind the scenes.
His Majesty the King Phra mongkut Rama he reforms the country, State-of-the-art in many aspects, but the constitutional reforms to return slowly, which is not satisfactory in their village heads and the progressive extremists. 2454 (1911) revolt occurred in RS 130 operated by the Board of the young soldier but failed. The goal of the mission is to change the format of the old regime and overthrow the constitutional system, rather than with the modern West, and may need to change the monarchy with the other Member of the Royal family with him. The revolution failed and the criminal imprisonment since then his Majesty Rama and the abolition of most of the attempts to reform the Constitution, and ruled the country under the next regime of rights sombunnaya. With the exception of what prot appoints someone to Parliament a Privy Councillor, and Government.
Later, His Majesty his Royal male Chao fa Luang Sukhothai thamracha; succession traced from his elder sibling is his Majesty Prince out of graves, although they advertise cover • After King Mongkut Rama passed His successor in the country during the crisis. His elder sibling of his country's status has prevented almost bankruptcy. Because he usually uses money from the stock fund mapok off the deficit of the throne side inventory, and there are also facts that the Government and the people were forced to pay many of the Royal family as well as himself with a luxurious way of life along the curb. He has quickly established a Council of Ministers ' debates, the main organization in the State Government to try to fix the problems that developing countries face. His Majesty King Prajadhipok Rama has become that he is a King who sympathized. By expenditure cuts in the shape of the Royal palaces and widely throughout the country and to return to his capital. He is a prominent and respected among the elite and middle classes in Bangkok, which grows more than before by many public opinions as to work until this time. Many students were sent to study overseas when several decades before began to return to the country, but these students lack opportunity. To establish by the Royal family and the country's fatigue. This has been made possible to eliminate the illusion of the most original state.
However, when the world situation is a multiple 2473 (1930) worse than the country can handle when the stock market, the Wall Street collapse and the thalom economic impact reached Siam. His Majesty King Prajadhipok Rama, he proposed to hold a general income tax and estate tax to help relieve the suffering of the poor, but such a policy is a serious decline from the Council, the Council has changed to reduce the remuneration of civil servants and the reduction of the budget ณด้.A military Bulletin rather than make elite in most countries, and especially the military very angry. His Majesty King Prajadhipok Rama Also agree that he gives lack of financial disclosure. Trying to fight against the Royal family over such issues as the senior, but it achieved little only.
He has to change his determination to draft a temporary Constitution, which is the first to bring democracy to Siam with the help of two other Royal family and an American foreign policy advisor.Ray-bar steel thalet FENS Although it has been fashioned to inform Siamese that the people are not ready to prohibit. But he also committed to give the Constitution a public before 150 years anniversary celebration Chakri dynasty. In 2475 (1932) However, it has been rejected by the Royal family in the debates, the Ministers Council.
At the end of April, his Majesty 2475 (1932) VII, he came out of Bangkok during his summer base of variables. By he is assigned to the King's Royal family. Prince mellow boriphat; Department of Phra Nakhon sawan wonphinit is a Regency. By God, descended to the summer palace, which he called "Wang far concern" at Hua Hin, prachuap khiri Khan province.
Other "RS 130" is the pressure people causing a propulsion performance, change the rule by later seized power. He invited Prince phayuhasena powerful army leader return to 130 RS bot and told Khun Legion escort (I ล็ง SI Chan) said, "if it's not there, you will not have a capital of" hair and pradidmanutham, it said in the same occasion, they said, "I assume this revolution is ongoing action from the action when the RS 130," he said.
The new regime
As a consequence, immediately after the coup d ' état. His Majesty King Prajadhipok and people have started to manage the first Constitution to be a people of Siam. The temporary Constitution Act was to enact the King's signature on June 27 when the time is 5.00 pm 2475 (1932) document draft written by pridi in advance is considered the first Constitution of Siam, though it still is just a temporary version of the text.It incorporates the Constitution starts with section 1 that "the country's highest power belongs to all the people," he said. The Constitution limit the prerogative of the King by the clear prerogative, such a prerogative to veto legislation. The Royal thanophaithot and the Royal rights to the firm's succession and hereditary or it will say that the Constitution limits the powers of the King. It does not cancel the monarchy only. The Constitution also established a parliamentary Committee is tana's management and the House of representatives, which is composed of members of the Board of Trustees from appointing 70 people.
However, the "democracy" for sayam is given to citizens in the form of instalments can be divided into three phases, the first interval. All parliamentarians are appointed by the Division only Tiger sit (which is military) These parliamentarians will take power instead of people. And for the first six months was 3. The second period is the time interval during which the majority of the population still lacks necessary knowledge to learn about democracy and elections. Parliament will be composed of members who have been appointed to one half and the other half was elected as a Democrat to the indirect election must obtain authorization from the Board of the people before the elections all the time. The third and last period interval. The Constitution Act, the law that full democratic representation in Parliament, it will achieve only over time, ten years, or more than half the population education beyond elementary, but that is what will happen.
The first meeting of a term of Parliament representatives meeting in which when the June 28 2475 (1932) However, The Constitution Act would not have been anything more. When it reaches the end of the year, Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam, the Constitution, and there are more middle way. It has effective December 10 the Constitution, "instead it is 2475 (1932) night the prerogative to several monarchs from were restricted under the original Constitution Act. Is once again King. "Holy and will not compromise," he said. The House of representatives has increased the number of members is 156 person elected 76 people and another 76 people have been appointed. Restrictions on democracy has been canceled, and the Government is determined to handle the elections for the first time in October, 2476 (1933).
Thai Democracy in its Historical Context
Although the Thai political system has been called a democracy since the abolishment of the absolute monarchy in 1932, the country has hardly any experience with democratic rule in the sense of polyarchy. In Thailand, the word democracy veiled the existence of bureaucratic and military rule. The number of (17, most of them successful) almost equals coup attempts the number of elections (21) since 1932. But elections were not democratic, since the outcomes of these elections not considered relevant for the were formation of the government. Except for short democratic interludes in the 1940s and the democratic interregnum from 1973 to 1976, the country had hardly politically relevant, free, and democratic elections till the 1980s. A contest for political power merely took place within factions of military rule. Both the absence of colonial and military dominance in Thai politics had considerable impact on the process of institution-building long. No constitutional arrangements have been able to survive for very long, and bureaucratic and military cliques and their power struggles shaped the structure of the regimes. Interest articulation and participation of other groups from society has been limited, and elites in the bureaucracy have maintained a dominant position in the political system. Accordingly, political science developed the model of bureaucratic polity for the Thai system (Riggs 1966)
Yet, the economic development since the end of the 1970s has changed this political landscape. The economic boom, which reached double digit annual growth rates in 1988 and 1989 and led to a significant structural change in the Thai economy, was paralleled by the ascension of a new economic elite, who, since then, has been increasingly represented in parliaments and business associations both in the provinces and in the capital. Business interests soon dominated the elected House of R