878 rice and 531 leafhopper field samples from ten provinces in China were screened for the presence of RDV using developed serological assays and IC-RT-PCR and the results were shown in Table 1 and Fig. 5. 36 rice samples and 21 leafhopper samples were tested positive for RDV by the PTA-ELISA or dot-ELISA (Table 1 and Fig. 5A–D). The positive results of PTA-ELISA and dot-ELISA were in agreement with those of RT-PCR and IC-RT-PCR. However, a rice plant (sample 14) and a leafhopper (sample 16), which was negative tested by the PTA-ELISA and dot-ELISA were positive for RDV by RT-PCR and IC-RT-PCR (Table 1 and Fig. 5E and F). All positive samples were come from Yunnan Province, indicating that RDV was one of the prevalent viruses infecting rice in this province (Table 1 and Fig. 5).