Conservation success is often predicated on local support for conservation which is strongly influenced by
perceptions of the impacts that are experienced by local communities and opinions of management and
governance. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are effective conservation and fisheries management tools that
can also have a broad array of positive and negative social, economic, cultural, and political impacts on local
communities. Drawing on results from a mixed-methods study of communities on the Andaman Coast of
Thailand, this paper explores perceptions of MPA impacts on community livelihood resources (assets) and
outcomes as well as MPA governance and management. The area includes 17 National Marine Parks (NMPs)
that are situated near rural communities that are highly dependent on coastal resources. Interview
participants perceived NMPs to have limited to negative impacts on fisheries and agricultural livelihoods
and negligible benefits for tourism livelihoods. Perceived impacts on livelihoods were felt to result from
NMPs undermining access to or lacking support for development of cultural, social, political, financial,
natural, human, physical, and political capital assets. Conflicting views emerged on whether NMPs resulted in
negative or positive marine or terrestrial conservation outcomes. Perceptions of NMP governance and
management processes were generally negative. These results point to some necessary policy improvements
and actions to ameliorate: the relationship between the NMP and communities, NMP management and
governance processes, and socio-economic and conservation outcomes.
Conservation success is often predicated on local support for conservation which is strongly influenced by
perceptions of the impacts that are experienced by local communities and opinions of management and
governance. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are effective conservation and fisheries management tools that
can also have a broad array of positive and negative social, economic, cultural, and political impacts on local
communities. Drawing on results from a mixed-methods study of communities on the Andaman Coast of
Thailand, this paper explores perceptions of MPA impacts on community livelihood resources (assets) and
outcomes as well as MPA governance and management. The area includes 17 National Marine Parks (NMPs)
that are situated near rural communities that are highly dependent on coastal resources. Interview
participants perceived NMPs to have limited to negative impacts on fisheries and agricultural livelihoods
and negligible benefits for tourism livelihoods. Perceived impacts on livelihoods were felt to result from
NMPs undermining access to or lacking support for development of cultural, social, political, financial,
natural, human, physical, and political capital assets. Conflicting views emerged on whether NMPs resulted in
negative or positive marine or terrestrial conservation outcomes. Perceptions of NMP governance and
management processes were generally negative. These results point to some necessary policy improvements
and actions to ameliorate: the relationship between the NMP and communities, NMP management and
governance processes, and socio-economic and conservation outcomes.
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