Water from the
HRWRA was included in the specified water-to-binder ratio (W/B). In Table 3, the
mixtures are labeled with respect to their dosage: NS#–NC#, For example, NS1.0–
NC3.0 represents a mixture with 1.0% nano-SiO2and 3.0% nano-CaCO3, together partially
replacing 4.0% of cement by mass. Before mixing the UHPC matrix, NS and NC
particles were dispersed in the mixing water using the ultrasonic dispersion
method proposed by Kawashima et al. [29]. Mixing procedures were carried out
in a rotary mixer according to the method presented in a previous works [30,31].
First, the OPC, silica flour, silica fume and fly ash were added to the mixer and
mixed at medium speed (80 rpm) for 5 min. Silica sand was then added gradually
to mix for another 3 min. After that, progressive incorporation of water containing
the superplasticizer was added and mixed at high speed for additional 2 min. The
mixture was allowed to rest for 1.5 min and then mixed for 5 min at a high speed.
Water from theHRWRA was included in the specified water-to-binder ratio (W/B). In Table 3, themixtures are labeled with respect to their dosage: NS#–NC#, For example, NS1.0–NC3.0 represents a mixture with 1.0% nano-SiO2and 3.0% nano-CaCO3, together partiallyreplacing 4.0% of cement by mass. Before mixing the UHPC matrix, NS and NCparticles were dispersed in the mixing water using the ultrasonic dispersionmethod proposed by Kawashima et al. [29]. Mixing procedures were carried outin a rotary mixer according to the method presented in a previous works [30,31].First, the OPC, silica flour, silica fume and fly ash were added to the mixer andmixed at medium speed (80 rpm) for 5 min. Silica sand was then added graduallyto mix for another 3 min. After that, progressive incorporation of water containingthe superplasticizer was added and mixed at high speed for additional 2 min. Themixture was allowed to rest for 1.5 min and then mixed for 5 min at a high speed.
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