In all experiments IR62032
rice was hand-seeded at a rate of 150 kg ha±1, or
row-seeded at a rate of 80 kg ha±1. Hand or row
seeding did not show any effect on fish production
parameters (N Vromant, unpublished data). While
we applied inorganic fertilizer to the rice at normal
rates, we did not apply organic manure. All fields
were thoroughly hand-weeded and, when necessary,
insecticides or fungicides were applied.