could be extracted with 40% ethanol in water for 2 h. In situ testing confirmed BCE to be a highly effective antioxidant in raw pork patties because it inhibited both lipid and protein oxidation and stabilised the red colour during refrigerated storage. These data strongly suggest
that frozen BCE has potential as a natural antioxidant source for meat and meat product quality preservation. Further research is needed to identify the specific and main phenolic compounds in
frozen BCE that are responsible for the overall antioxidative capability in muscle foods.