Conclusion
This review found that Helicobacter spp. be a causative factor of hepatobiliary diseases including CCA. The Helicobacter spp., such as H. pylori, H. bilis, H. hepaticus, and H. cholecystus, have been isolated from the human gallbladder, liver tissue and bile juice and Helicobacter infection has been found to induce chronic active hepatitis, hepatocellular and biliary tract carcinomas in both animal model and human. Therefore, treatment of Helicobacter spp. may reduce biliary tract diseases including CCA.