Albrecht et al. (1988), in a study sponsored by the
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), identified 15 criteria
used by 13 large private organisations to evaluate the
effectiveness of internal auditing. They concluded that
effectiveness is determined mainly by the fit between
the auditing work and the goals set by managers,
the qualifications of the internal auditor, management
support for the internal auditing staff, and several
characteristics of the internal auditing department.
Lampe and Sutton (1994) identified 15 factors that
contribute to an effective audit and categorised them into
three stages of the auditing process: planning, fieldwork,
and reporting and review. They suggested measurements
they considered valid and reliable for these factors.More
recently, Ziegenfuss (2000) developed a questionnaire
that includes 84 criteria for effectiveness categorised into
four main areas: the environment of the internal audit,
input into the audit, the auditing process and the output
of the audit.