Preparation of meatball PLM (71.18% moisture,
20.47% protein, 7.14% fat and pH 5.78), CBM (73.89%
moisture, 22.35% protein, 2.25% fat and pH 5.95) and back
fat (8.30% moisture, 1.68% protein and 89.82% fat, AOAC
2000) were purchased from a local meat market. All visible
connective tissue and fat were trimmed from the meat. The
meats and fat were separately mixed and passed through a
grinder (MM-12, Guangdong, China) fitted a plate having
6 mm diameter holes. The ground meat (1.0 kg each) was
packaged in double plastic (nylon/PE) bags and store −20℃
until use within 2 weeks.