According to Giallombardo (1966), women alleviated
the pains of imprisonment by developing kinship links
with other inmates. Similarly, Heffernan (1972) found that
adaptation to prison was facilitated by the creation of a
pseudo-family. Owen (1998) also notes that the female
subculture is based on personal relationships with
other women inmates. Others, however, believe that the
subculture in women’s prisons is undergoing a gradual
shift that more closely resembles that of male prisons.
Fox (1982) states, for example, that the cooperative caring
prison community that has embodied characterizations of
female prisons has evolved into a more dangerous and
competitive climate.
a) How many writers are mentioned?
b) What is the function of the words in italics?
c) What phrase is used to mark the point in the text where
there is a shift from one point of view to another?