2.1. Chemical compositionsThere were significant (P<0.001) differences in both chemicalcomposition and starch gelatinization degree (SGD)among the three cereal grains (Table 1). Rice had a SGDvalue much higher (P<0.001) than maize and wheat, respectively.As expected, SF processing did not affect (P>0.05)the content of starch of the cereal grains analyzed, butsignificantly (P<0.001) increased SGD by 55.23 percentageunits (from 23.03 to 78.26%) for maize, 55.23 percentageunits (from 35.19 to 90.42%) for wheat, and 42.27 percentageunits (from 50.86 to 93.13%) for rice.2.2. In vitro gas production kinetics and rumen fermentabilityRice had less (P<0.001) actual gas production (GP) (after24 and 72 h in vitro incubation) and lower calculated maximalGP than maize and wheat, whereas wheat had fasterGP rate (P<0.001) than maize and rice grains (Table 2).Cumulative GP within 24 h (P=0.01) and GP rate (P<0.001)were enhanced by SF processing. A significant (P<0.001)interaction was observed between SF processing and cerealtype for GP rate (C). There were similar GP rates (P>0.05)in intact maize and rice, whilst the GP rates were significantlydifferent (P<0.01) between SF-treated maize and rice.As shown in Table 3, maize produced more (P<0.01) totalvolatile fatty acid (VFA), while wheat had higher (P<0.01)ammonia-N concentration and greater molar proportion ofvalerate. Steam-flaking did not change (P>0.05) the totalVFA concentration or molar proportions of acetate, isobutyrateand valerate in the in vitro ruminal cultures but significantlyreduced (P<0.001) the ammonia-N concentration,and increased (P<0.01) the molar proportions of propionic
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
