and the extensive ability of pathogens to degrade cell wall component
has a cost. Disturbance of cell wall integrity (which
may also cause deformation of adjacent portion of the plasma
membrane) and the release of degradation fragments are monitored
by plants and changed cell wall status is an important
trigger for defense mechanisms (Hematy et al., 2009). Despite
the undoubted importance of cell walls in plant defense there
are many aspects that are poorly understood. For example,
most work has focused on a limited set of cell wall polymers
Although most cell walls are based on these
main components they differ considerably in their fine structures
and three dimensional architectures. This heterogeneity
is reflected in the diversity of strategies that pathogens have
evolved to breach them, including the secretion of numerous
glycosyl hydrolases (Annis and Goodwin, 1997). In response
to an attack, plants may deposit certain reinforcing polymers,
notably callose, phenolic complexes, and employ toxic compounds
(Huckelhoven, 2007). However, these physical and chemical
responses are only one part of the cell walls role in defense (notably callose, extensins, and lignin) and the potential
roles of many other cell wall components are obscure. Another
largely unexplored aspect of cell walls and defense is the evolution
of and co-evolution of defense strategies (Sørensen et al.,
2010). Discussed below are the major cell wall components in
the context of pathogenic responses to them, and the prospects
for advancing our understanding using emerging microarray
technologies.
and the extensive ability of pathogens to degrade cell wall componenthas a cost. Disturbance of cell wall integrity (whichmay also cause deformation of adjacent portion of the plasmamembrane) and the release of degradation fragments are monitoredby plants and changed cell wall status is an importanttrigger for defense mechanisms (Hematy et al., 2009). Despitethe undoubted importance of cell walls in plant defense thereare many aspects that are poorly understood. For example,most work has focused on a limited set of cell wall polymersAlthough most cell walls are based on thesemain components they differ considerably in their fine structuresand three dimensional architectures. This heterogeneityis reflected in the diversity of strategies that pathogens haveevolved to breach them, including the secretion of numerousglycosyl hydrolases (Annis and Goodwin, 1997). In responseto an attack, plants may deposit certain reinforcing polymers,notably callose, phenolic complexes, and employ toxic compounds(Huckelhoven, 2007). However, these physical and chemicalresponses are only one part of the cell walls role in defense (notably callose, extensins, and lignin) and the potentialroles of many other cell wall components are obscure. Anotherlargely unexplored aspect of cell walls and defense is the evolutionof and co-evolution of defense strategies (Sørensen et al.,2010). Discussed below are the major cell wall components inthe context of pathogenic responses to them, and the prospectsfor advancing our understanding using emerging microarraytechnologies.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
