Measurement of Active External Rotation
ER-AROM followed an established protocol (Figure 4).21, 25 The procedure has previously been investigated
for intrarater reliability with ICC (3,k) reported at 0.97.21 Participants were measured in the supine position with the tested arm supported on the table in 90 degrees of abduction with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and wrist in neutral.
A towel roll was placed directly under each participant’s arm to achieve neutral horizontal positioning in the transverse
plane, thus preventing the arm from moving into horizontal abduction or adduction.
Maintaining neutral horizontal positioning of the humerus ensured that tension in the anterior soft tissue passing over the joint was minimized.
Participants were asked to bring their arm back to their maximum available ER motion without compromising form, with verbal cues provided as necessary.
Once movement ceased the inclinometer was placed on the distal forearm proximal to the radiocarpal joint and the measurement was recorded