Since design-based action research is a multi-phase study, the present study involved more than one study group. The research data were collected from 12 academics participating in the focus group interviews, 478 academics filling in the questionnaire, the application-development team working on the development of the m-learning system, 15 academics taking part in the action research, the validity committee of the action research and the researcher of the present study. A
research diary, focus-group interviews, a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, e-mails, online documents, personal information form, evaluation form, achievement test, validity committee meeting records and checklists were used as data collection tools in this study.