while there is clearly a benefit in linking EMA to existing tools such as waste management waste minimisation and pollution prevention, there is an important distinction to be made between " react-and-cure" strategies and "anticipate-and-prevent" strategies. Arguably, pollution prevention initiatives arise at facilities where "react-and-cure" has been the norm and where waste treatment will continue indefinitely. In contrast, the United Nations Environment Program take a different approach under anticipate-and prevent cleaner production initiatives by stating that "waste treatment does not fall under the definition of cleaner production because it does not prevent the creation of waste" A pollution prevention strategy tolerates waste treatment in so far as cleaner production is judged to be an end objective.