The results also indicate that using compost on land can provide marginal savings to global warming (−1.7 PE), acidification(−0.8 PE), and ecotoxicity and human toxicity via water and soil.
The substitution of this compost for commercial N, P, and K fertilizers would thus avoid environmental impacts of fertilizer production. For example, the substitution of compost for a P fertilizer would avoid nutrient enrichment, ecotoxicity in water, and human toxicity via water, with normalization impacts of −11.1 PE,−2.5 PE, and −8.2 PE, respectively.The normalization impacts of using compost on farmland are shown in Fig. 4.