Although researchers
have consistently linked some motivational beliefs to self-regulation strategies, there is a
paucity of studies that have targeted both forethought motivational beliefs (i.e., task
interest, perceived instrumentality) and self-reflection motivation processes (i.e., selfstandards)
in relation to middle school students' strategic behaviors in math. In order to
identify the unique variance accounted for by these motivational beliefs, we included grade
level and gender in our analyses because such variables have been linked to differences in
regulatory behaviors