In 1987,
Shinto et al 20 wrote a brief report (abstract) on cardiopulmonary
exercise testing in 13 patients with large
pleural effusions after the removal of volumes . 1.5 L.
Even though the authors referred to no difference in
ventilation and exercise levels, the preliminary finding
that patients who had more amounts of drained pleural
fluid were able to attain a higher maximum workload
roused new interest.