Methods
2.1. Patient selection
Seventy-two diabetic patients above 60 years of age and
categorized as level 0 according to the Wagner Classification
Scale of Diabetic Foot were selected as research subjects for
this study. All patients were acquired between April 2013 and
October 2013 from the department of endocrinology in Hua
Dong Hospital, which is affiliated with Fudan University in
Shanghai, China. Exclusion criteria included those who were
unable to walk independently, those who had lower limb pain,
severe arthritis, nervous system and cardiovascular disease,
as well as other complications that limited their physical activity
and cognitive dysfunction.