Nonetheless,excluding women that reported smoking of less that ten cigarettes per day(n = 4) did not impact our results(data not shown).To exclude possible confounding factors that have shown to lead to altered fetal lung development irrespective of maternal smoking status, pregnancies with abnormal fetal growth,condition where there is intrathoracic or extrathoracic compression of the fetal lung because of malformation or reduction in amniotic fliud,were excluded from the present investigation. In this sample of 100 women we found that 18% of mother reported smoking during pregnancy. This figure is well in line with the 13% to 21% other have reported for Austria suggesting a representative sample.Also, fetal characteristic such as crown-rump length and fetal gender were not significantly different between the two evaluated groups. Ideally our study would have a prospective setting , a better distribution of fetuses of mother that reported smoking during pregnancy and include only completely normal fetuses. However, such a study is unlikely because of the fact that MRI is still reserved for high-risk pregnancies because of its high cost and limited availability.