KNOWLEDGE ANTECEDENTS
The developmental stages of this model began back in 1969, when Campinha-Bacote was pursuing her undergradu- ate nursing degree in Connecticut. During this time, there was unrest and conflict in the area of race relations. It was clear that one had to identify as being either Black or White. Being a second-generation Cape Verdean and raised in an exclu- sively Cape Verdean community, Campinha-Bacote, found herself not fitting in either group. This is when she began exploring the area of cultural and ethnic groups. Completing her baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral degrees in nursing, she extended her interest in cultural groups to the fields of transcultural nursing and medical anthropology. Her clinical background as a psychiatric nurse also led her to explore the field of multicultural counseling. It is the blending of these fields that led to the development of her model. The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services model blends the fields of transcultural nursing, medical anthropology, and multicultural counseling. The works of Leininger (1978) in the area of transcultural nursing and