The greenhouse gas impact results indicate
that placing cellulosic biorefineries in areas where water must be supplied using alternative means
, such as desalination, wastewater recycling, or importation can increase the fuel’s total greenhouse gas footprint by up to 47%. The results ืalso show that the production of ethanol and petroleumfuels burden already overpumped aquifers, whereas electricity production is far less dependent on groundwater.