This review of reviews indicates that there is some evidence that interventions to improve cultural
competency can improve patient/client health outcomes. However, a lack of methodological rigor is common
amongst the studies included in reviews and many of the studies rely on self-report, which is subject to a range of
biases, while objective evidence of intervention effectiveness was rare. Future research should measure both
healthcare provider and patient/client health outcomes, consider organizational factors, and utilize more rigorous
study designs.