วิธีเพิ่มพื้นที่คลังสินค้าเมื่อขยาย ' Hudock, ทอมป์กินส์ระหว่างประเทศมีคำพูดเดิมในคลังที่ระบุว่าเป็น" มักจะเร็วกว่าเดิม ดังนั้นจึงไม่ใช่เรื่องแปลกสำหรับคลังสินค้าจะเต็มไปแม้ในช่วงระยะเวลาที่ช้าคลังสินค้าปกติจะทำงานออกจากพื้นที่เนื่องจากการเติบโตอย่างรวดเร็วยอดตามฤดูกาลซื้อส่วนลดมากโดยทั่วไปมีสามประเภทของการขาดพื้นที่ที่เกิดขึ้นในคลังสินค้า ผลชนิดแรกจากเพียงแค่มีมากเกินไปของสินค้าคงคลังที่เหมาะสม ประการที่สองคือผลของการมีมากเกินไปของสินค้าที่ไม่ถูกต้องและคนที่สามมาจากการใช้พื้นที่คลังสินค้าที่มีอยู่ไม่ดี เพื่อให้เหมาะสมอยู่แต่ละหนึ่งในปัญหาเหล่านี้พื้นที่หนึ่งต้องเข้าใจปัญหาและสิ่งที่สร้างขึ้นมาใหม่มากเกินไปของผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เหมาะสมอุดมสมบูรณ์ของผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เหมาะสมจะปรากฏขึ้นในเชิงบวกในแง่ของการบริการลูกค้าและเป้าหมายปฏิบัติตามคำสั่งเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์ที่สามารถใช้ได้อย่างง่ายดายเพื่อเติมเต็มคำสั่งซื้อของลูกค้า ยังเป็นพนักงานขายและผู้ซื้อฉลองทำให้ลูกค้ามีความสุขโดยการปฏิบัติตามคำสั่งทุก มองเข้าไปในประเภทของคลังสินค้านี้จะเปิดเผยพาเลทของผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เก็บไว้ในทางเดินซ้อนในพื้นที่ท่าเรือที่วางอยู่บนฝาท้ายชั้นหรือหลาย การแสดงผลที่ถูกบล็อคสร้างอันตรายความปลอดภัยการขาดของความสะดวกในการตั้งสินค้าคงคลังที่ลดลงและการผลิตแรงงานกันมือหลายของผลิตภัณฑ์ How to Maximize Warehouse Space When Expansion Isn’t an Option
Articles
By Brian Hudock, Partner, Tompkins International
There is an old saying in warehousing that states, “If there is available space, someone will eventually fill it,” usually sooner rather than later. Therefore, it is not uncommon for a warehouse to be full even during slow periods.
A warehouse will normally run out of space due to rapid growth, seasonal peaks, large discount buying, planned inventory builds for manufacturing shutdowns, facility consolidation, or even a slow sales period.
Generally there are three types of space deficiencies that occur in a warehouse. The first type results from simply having too much of the right inventory. The second is the result of having too much of the wrong merchandise, and the third comes from using the existing warehouse space poorly. To appropriately address each one of these space issues, one must first understand the issues and what creates them.
Too Much of the Right Product
An abundance of the right product appears positive in terms of customer service and order fulfillment goals, as product is readily available to fill customer orders. Yet, as the sales staff and buyers celebrate making customers happy by fulfilling every order 100%, the warehouse operates well below established productivity and safety standards. A look into this type of warehouse will reveal pallets of product stored in aisles, stacked in dock areas, placed on rack end caps, or multiple SKUs of product mixed in single bin locations. Blocked visibility creates safety hazards, lack of ease in locating inventory, decreased labor productivity and multiple handlings of product. The upside is that these products usually move quickly through the warehouse and space problems exist for only several weeks.
Too Much of the Wrong Product
Having too much of the wrong product is often an indicator that sales projections and/or production planning were incorrect, but it also frequently indicates that the warehouse is not managing inventory levels or obsolete product properly. Unlike having too much of the right product, where inventory peaks can be handled with extra labor, having the wrong product usually results in inventory remaining untouched in the warehouse for months and even years.
A good example of this lack of inventory management occurred at a mid-sized consumer goods supplier. Upon reaching a full warehouse condition at both their manufacturing and distribution center (DC), the company brought in a consultant who, after examination of their inventory, discovered that 600 of the 3,000 pallets at the manufacturing center had not been used for production in the last 12 months. At the DC, over 400 of the 4,500 pallets on-hand had no sales in the previous three years. Another 500 pallets had zero sales activity in the past 12 months. Too much of the wrong product was solved with management approval to take a one-time hit to the bottom line. Obsolete inventory has little to no value on the open market, but the earlier it is identified, the quicker a company can cover any losses and better manage its assets.
Poorly Utilized Warehouse Space
This condition is usually caused by steady growth, changing storage requirements (change in product mix) and ever increasing service requirements. Poorly utilized space is a common occurrence that happens in all warehouses occasionally and is non-exclusive of the inventory type or storage conditions in the warehouse.
Traditionally, warehouses are built and equipped to handle projected volumes, a set number of products and limited unit loads. Then they are expected to adjust to customer demands as well as be more efficient over time. To accomplish these conflicting goals, warehouses generally accept long-term penalties to accomplish short-term goals like creating customized floor-ready merchandise for end-cap displays, hand-pricing a key customer’s merchandise at the piece level, or creating mixed loads to simplify customer processing when goods traditionally ship in full case or full pallet quantities.
All of these customization steps take valuable floor space and labor from primary warehouse functions. Other common instances of poor space utilization include low vertical space utilization, wide aisles (over nine feet), and multiple products in single bin locations and/or partial unit loads being stored in full unit load locations. These types of problems should be addressed with physical layout and workstation design changes.
Finding More Space
Often inventory excesses and general space constraints result from any of the above-mentioned conditions, but consolidation of operations or continuously improving sales creates real space deficiencies. When relocation or facility expansion are not options, three paths may be followed: 1) Leveraging outside storage, 2) Internal warehouse redesign and 3) Improving inventory management.
Outside or Temporary Storage
Inventory builds traditionally occur to handle seasonal peaks or new product introductions. Demand for products such as cold weather garments that fly off the shelves during the first significant snowfall of the season or the first release of a long-awaited music CD are prime examples of planned inventory builds. In some cases, these builds are unavoidable and require temporary measures to handle the inventory peaks.
One method to handle these temporary builds is using third party warehousing to store excess inventory or ship orders directly to customers. Unfortunately, a premium is charged for these services on short-term contracts vs. year-round deals. Several manufacturers and distributors have reduced the penalty of seasonal storage by forming alliances with companies that have different seasonal peaks, but similar storage needs.
For example, a sausage manufacturer that has inventory peaks in winter and spring each year to meet high summer demand for cook-outs might partner with a turkey producer that has a late summer and fall build for Thanksgiving and Christmas holiday demands. Together the companies can contract with a third party for year-round services.
A second method is to store product on trailers for short periods. This method can be extremely expensive as monthly quality trailer rental or demurrage can range from $180 to $220, not including drop-off charges, trailer loading and unloading labor expenses, and security risks. Trailer storage is most effective when the company has a true partnership with a dedicated carrier. Often the carrier will manage the freight and store trailers in their yard as part of the freight agreement. The carrier benefits by having guaranteed freight throughout the year and by being able to charge a profitable rate for all routes.
Warehouse Redesign
It can be said that the warehouse redesign process is more art than science and more common sense than theory. The primary objectives of warehouse redesign are to:
•Use space efficiently
•Allow for the most efficient material handling
•Provide the most economical storage in relation to costs of equipment, use of space, damage to material, handling labor and operational safety
•Provide maximum flexibility in order to meet changing storage and handling requirements
•Make the warehouse a model of good housekeeping
Eight steps are required to make this happen:
1.Measure the space you have to work with
2.Define the fixed obstacles (columns, walls, doors, clearances, etc.)
3.Understand the product stored and handled ◦Define storage condition zones
◦Throughput/replenishment requirements
◦Unit handling loads
4.Establish the material flow paths
5.Determine auxiliary facility requirements (offices, dock staging, hold and inspection, etc.)
6.Generate alternatives
7.Evaluate alternatives
8.Recommend and implement improvements
All alternatives must consider not only space, but also material handling, and impacts on labor. If too much of the right product exists in the warehouse in sporadic waves, the following should be considered as alternatives:
Bulk Storage: Appropriate for large unit load quantities of single products that are stackable or for low clearance areas (under 20 feet) for stackable product. This type of storage is ideal as large quantities of single SKUs may be stored in large blocks.
Portable Rack: Like bulk storage, but used for non-stackable product. Portable racks allow both the utilization of vertical cube in a warehouse and the added advantage of being re-configurable for any product mix. The disadvantages for this alternative are the high cost and the storage space required for portable rack components not in use.
Creative Ways to Create More Space
Too much of the right product can be handled with simple storage methods, but what happens when there is just too much inventory—right or wrong—of a mixture of products in variable quantities in the warehouse?
The classic warehouse is a mixture of bulk storage and wide aisle selective (10 to12 feet) pallet rack. This design works well when fast moving items arrive in large quantities and are stored in bulk, while medium and slow moving items are stored in pallet rack. However, due to product proliferation and shrinking customer order quantities, many warehouses have lower quantities of all individual products are stored, creating a space shortage as less dense pallet rack configurations are installed to handle ever-increasing pick face requirements.
Vertical Cube Utilization
To increase the number of pick faces and storage density, the first step is to ensure that the facility’s entire vertical cube is effectively utilized. Vertical cube includes all space above loads, total building clearance, space above cross aisles, space above work and pick areas, and space above docks.
Within the rack, the opening height should be approximately six inches larger than the load height to facilitate easy and safe loading and unloading of product. A quick formula to c
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