implementation. The wax printing method utilizes a commercially
available wax printer for the fabrication of paper-based devices.
This method is easy and fast to generate a patterned paper using a
wax printer. However, this method has a shallower barrier than
photolithography (∼850 mm of minimal barrier) because the spread
of the wax is difficult to handle when wax was melted on hotplate.
So, careful impregnation of wax must be regarded before creation of
the pattern in this method. The wax screen-printing method is
similar to the wax printing method by using a commercial wax for
the fabrication of paper-based devices, but wax screen-printing
does not require wax printer for fabrication. This method can create
a pattern by using screen-printed block instead of the commercial
printer. The advantages of the wax screen-printing method are low-
cost, simple, and rapidness. Nevertheless, using wax screen-printing
it is difficult to produce the exact designed pattern with high barrier
due to the spread of wax. Recently, a new fabrication method for
creating paper-based devices has been reported as wax dipping.
Wax dipping does not demand expensive equipments and organic
solvents. However, the hydrophobic areas generated by the wax
printing, wax screen-printing and wax dipping methods still used
the hot plate for melting wax. Moreover, limitations of these
previous methods by wax are wax spreading before creating the
pattern and the trained personnel for using and maintaining the
instruments. To overcome these limitations, a simple, rapid and
low-cost fabrication method, that also provides several advantages,
needs to be developed. A spraying method with lacquer was
therefore developed for the fabrication of paper-based devices