Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), SW-1990 (human pancreatic carcinoma), and SMMC-7721 (human liver carcinoma) cell lines were provided by Research and Development Center for New Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells were provided by the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Sciences).