Sennerby compared the osseointegration and removal torque of zirconia implants, titanium oxide implants, and zirconia with a modified surface when these were inserted in the tibia and femur of rabbits. He concluded that although osseointegration appeared similar between the different samples, the removal torque of the pure zirconia implant was lower than those of the other two implants, suggesting that surface modification can improve zirconia implant stability.
Titanium implants with a coronal base in zirconia are also available, the aim of which is to combine the safety of titanium with the aesthetic features of zirconia.