As shown in Fig. 2, a Dickson structured mu
is used to achieve RF to DC power
sufficiently high output voltage to power up
The Dickson structure rectifier is ba
doublers, and each doubler is composed of a
Cc, an inter-stage loading capacitor, Cp, and
The diodes needed for the rectifier can be r
technology as diode-connected MOSFETs
diodes [5], if the latter are available in the p
analysis of the chosen diodes is required
efficiency rectification.
Figure 3: NMOS Cross Section and
In the 65nm CMOS process used, Schott
available as standard library component, a
diode in the rectifier is formed by a
transistor. Fig. 3 shows the cross-section v
bulk NMOS transistor. The source and dr
two parasitic diodes towards the substrate, w
tied to the lowest potential in the circuit (i.e.
ensure that the source and drain junctions a
Thus, if no DC bias (>0V) is applied at the
signal amplitude is high enough in the nega
diodes start to become forward biased and
handling capability. When the transistor i
insertion loss is determined by the on-r
NMOS (Ron) at low frequencies. At mm
frequency, the insertion loss will incre
capacitive coupling of the signal throu
capacitances of the transistor to the subs
transistor is turned off, the isolation is deter
resistance (Roff) at low frequencies. For hi
the isolation becomes worse due to the o
capacitances and channel capacitance. In or
minimum insertion loss, one needs to reduce
resistance can be expressed as
R