The methodology employed in this experiment may limit the generalizability of the findings. The combination of stepping ex- ercise and heat stress used in this study was sufficient to induce a mild cardiovascular and thermoregulatory challenge, but it is not clear whether a similar response would be observed in more stressful situations. Moreover, the low intensity exercise protocol contributed to a low metabolic cost of work, which may have lessened the chances of observing a difference amongst condi- tions. As the menthol/ethanol intervention was targeted towards the upper body only, lower body skin temperature measurements were not obtained as they are less sensitive to detecting changes between conditions. Resultantly, calculations for mean skin and mean body temperature were not performed, which may hinder comparison with other research. Future work in this area may aim to assess sweat rate in order to separate the thermoregulatory influence of sweating versus evaporation of ethanol and/or water alone. Finally, although the difference in deep body temperature between conditions is perhaps more statistically than physiologi- cally relevant, and borders the sensitivity of the rectal thermistor itself, it is noteworthy that this elevation was mediated by a small dose of menthol (16.8 mg, 0.2%) working simultaneously in the presence of ethanol-enhanced skin cooling. This finding, and the research of others (Gillis et al., 2010; Kounalakis et al., 2010), un- derscores the thermoregulatory potency of the chemical com- pound menthol, and emphasizes the need for further research assessing its physiological influence in humans