1 The interpretation of the Enabling Clause has historically been that the same preferences should be offered to all developing countries, with the only exception that least developed countries (LDCs) could be offered more generous terms. However, following a complaint by India concerning the EU’s Special Arrangements to Combat Drug Production and Trafficking, offering additional GSP preferences to only a subset of developing countries, a WTO Appellate Body has ruled that “non-discriminatory” preferences do not require identical treatment of all developing countries, and that additional preferences may be offered to developing countries sharing the same “development, financial or trade need”. For a discussion, see e.g. Grossman and Sykes (2005) or Bartels (2007).