costly, is important to maintain internal validity. For
example, in V.L.’s study, interview audio files in which
the local language was used with a translator’s
assistance were initially transcribed and translated by
a native speaker; V.L. then sent the transcriptions and
audio files to a third party to verify the accuracy of
translation and clarify any discrepancies. It is
important to allocate a large portion of time and budget
for translation and transcription fees, especially if
multiple languages or speakers are involved and if
background noise affects audio quality.
speaker and then translated by an American who was a
native Swahili-speaking translator; this process was
essential for capturing colloquial terms. Verifying the
accuracy of translation, albeit time-consuming and