Lean organizations achieve such benefits by eliminating waste or non-value creating activities using a set of tools and principles. They create a culture of continuous improvement, and within that culture, they employ the tools of lean to eliminate waste. Not surprisingly, it begins with the customer (not the plant manager or industrial engineer). The customer is the definer of value. Once value is clearly defined, then value streams can be clearly identified. Single-piece flow is applied where possible; pull systems are applied where single-piece flow is impossible (e.g., to control batch processes or between facilities). After using value stream mapping to create a plan to achieve this, kaizen is used to eliminate waste. Process kaizen tools include: