In this study, the participants were 412 tenth-grade students from nine secondary schools in
Malaysia. They were chosen randomly from fourteen classes. There were 172 male students (41.74%) and 240 female students (58.25 %). The participants comprised of 229 Malay students (55.58 %),159 Chinese students (38.59 %), 22 Indian students (5.34 %), an Iban student (0.24 %), and a Kadazan student (0.24 %). Their ages are between 16 and 17 years old. This study was conducted at the end of November for year 2011. All the participants possessed prior knowledge of descriptive statistics as they had already studied about them. The statistical reasoning test was distributed to the students during the mathematics or additional mathematics period in the classroom. The students were given an hour to finish all the problems. The results of the test were then utilized as data in this study. Each student was labeled using code owing to the sensitive ethical issue, for instance the B in B033MC represents school, 033 refers to participants, M is male, and C is Chinese