The above discussion shows that there is a rich and diverse array of citizenship pedagogies in Asia- Pacific societies. At the same time, there are some commonalities as well. The citizenship pedagogies mentioned in the chapters in this volume reflect awareness by both governments and teachers of the international discourse on citizenship education. This suggests that citizenship pedagogies are international rather than local in nature. They are concerned with developing citizenship education that responds to ‘global trends’ and meets ‘global challenges’. It is not unusual for official curriculum documents from different national jurisdictions to adopt common terminology to show that the citizenship pedagogies advocated and/or adopted are aligned with international practices. In general, drawing on the international discourse on citizen-ship education, these official curriculum documents tend to emphasise democratic values and advocate that citizenship teaching should be conducted in a rationalistic way , characterized by dialogue and critical thinking.