Plant cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls, is the
most abundant and cost efficient renewable energy source, with
the maximum annual output[1]. Plant dry weight includes 35–50%
cellulose, 20–35% hemicellulose, and 5–30% lignin[2].Cellulose has
a water-insoluble highly crystalline structure, and it is surrounded
by a tough lignin layer. Therefore, hydrolysis of cellulose into
available glucose sugar is very difficult [3]. At present, plant
cellulose is used mainly for fuel, animal feed and manure, and
in the paper industry. However, while the utilization of plant
cellulose is low, the corresponding environmental pollution is
considerable. Although acid, alkali, and steam heating treatment
methods produce relatively good results, their applications have
been greatly limited[4,5]as they require complex equipment and
have disadvantages such as secondary pollution.