Nanomaterials especially the nano-scale noble metals attract a lot of attention due to
their remarkable difference in structural and physical properties compared to those of
atoms, molecules and bulk materials of the same element [1]. In recent years,
development of this field gave rise to a new technology known as ‘Nanotechnology’
that provides us with a technology and a tool for investigation and its application to
biological systems at the nanoscale. Nanostructured materials exhibit various aspects
of interesting features viz, optical, catalytic etc. that greatly depends on the size and
shape of nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles have enormous utility in electrochemical,
electro-analytical and bio-electrochemical applications owing to their extraordinary
electro-catalytic activity [2]. Hence, nanotechnology is an emerging field in the area of
interdisciplinary research, having application in biology [3]. Conventional route of
nanoparticle synthesis by physical and chemical methods are environmentally
hazardous, technically laborious and financially expensive. Many researchers have
explored different technological approaches for the synthesis of nano-materials. Silver
nanoparticles produced by chemical, electrochemical, radiation, photochemical
methods, Langmuir-Blodgett and biological techniques have also been reported [4].
However, these reports on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles use hazardous
chemicals, have low material conversions, high energy requirements and consist of
difficult and elaborate purification steps. Researchers have since initiated the synthesis
of nanoparticles using green methods [5]. The biological effectiveness of bionanoparticles
synthesized using green methods increases due to an increase in the
surface area and hence have greater catalytic activity [6]. The possibility of using
microbes and plant materials as nano-precursors has also been studied [7]. Since then,
Nanomaterials especially the nano-scale noble metals attract a lot of attention due totheir remarkable difference in structural and physical properties compared to those ofatoms, molecules and bulk materials of the same element [1]. In recent years,development of this field gave rise to a new technology known as ‘Nanotechnology’that provides us with a technology and a tool for investigation and its application tobiological systems at the nanoscale. Nanostructured materials exhibit various aspectsof interesting features viz, optical, catalytic etc. that greatly depends on the size andshape of nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles have enormous utility in electrochemical,electro-analytical and bio-electrochemical applications owing to their extraordinaryelectro-catalytic activity [2]. Hence, nanotechnology is an emerging field in the area ofinterdisciplinary research, having application in biology [3]. Conventional route ofnanoparticle synthesis by physical and chemical methods are environmentallyhazardous, technically laborious and financially expensive. Many researchers haveexplored different technological approaches for the synthesis of nano-materials. Silvernanoparticles produced by chemical, electrochemical, radiation, photochemicalmethods, Langmuir-Blodgett and biological techniques have also been reported [4].However, these reports on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles use hazardouschemicals, have low material conversions, high energy requirements and consist ofdifficult and elaborate purification steps. Researchers have since initiated the synthesisof nanoparticles using green methods [5]. The biological effectiveness of bionanoparticlessynthesized using green methods increases due to an increase in thesurface area and hence have greater catalytic activity [6]. The possibility of usingmicrobes and plant materials as nano-precursors has also been studied [7]. Since then,
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