Note: Solid lines represent significant paths and dashed lines represent nonsignificant paths. SOC = selection,
optimization, and compensation; HIWPs = high-involvement work practices. For the purpose of brevity, estimates
of the direct effects and effects of number of respondents, within-company standard deviations of SOC and work
ability are not illustrated (reported in Table 2).
†p < .10.
*p < .05.
**p < .01.