Thermodynamic modelling
Experimental VLE data obtained in this work were correlated using the UNIQUAC model [15]. As before, to estimate the interaction parameters of the activity coefficient model, FAME and FAEE from Jatropha curcas oil were considered as a pseudo-pure (one) component [11] and [12]. Considering the major fatty acids present in Jatropha curcas oil [12], the average molar mass resulted in (291.3 and 305.4) g · mol−1, for FAME and FAEE, respectively. The values of r and q of the UNIQUAC model are reported in [9] and [12], which were calculated using the parameters Rk and Qk reported by Magnussen et al. [16].
The Antoine equation was used in this work for the estimation of vapour pressure for methanol, ethanol, glycerol and water, with constants taken from Veneral et al. [9]. Due to the working temperature limit of the ebulliometer used in the present work, boiling data of pure biodiesel could not be obtained. However the biodiesel (mixture de FAME or FAEE) could be regarded as a near-ideal solution [17] and therefore the vapour pressure of biodiesel could be estimated according to Yuan et al. [5] through the following equation:
equation(1)
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where View the MathML source is the saturation pressure of biodiesel i , View the MathML source is the saturation pressure of FAME or FAEE (ester) present in biodiesel i , and View the MathML source is the mole fraction of molecule m in the pseudo-component i . The value of View the MathML source was calculated through the Antoine equation using the constants A, B and C reported by Yuan et al. [5] and Silva et al. [18] for FAME and FAEE, respectively.
equation(2)
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where T is the temperature of system and A, B and C are adjustable parameters to each component i.
The binary interaction parameters of UNIQUAC model were fitted based on the minimization of the following objective function:
equation(3)
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where NP is the number of experimental points, View the MathML source is the calculated boiling temperature and View the MathML source is the experimental boiling temperature.
Additional details regarding activity coefficients calculation, vapour phase compositions as well objective function minimization can be found elsewhere [9].
Thermodynamic modelling
Experimental VLE data obtained in this work were correlated using the UNIQUAC model [15]. As before, to estimate the interaction parameters of the activity coefficient model, FAME and FAEE from Jatropha curcas oil were considered as a pseudo-pure (one) component [11] and [12]. Considering the major fatty acids present in Jatropha curcas oil [12], the average molar mass resulted in (291.3 and 305.4) g · mol−1, for FAME and FAEE, respectively. The values of r and q of the UNIQUAC model are reported in [9] and [12], which were calculated using the parameters Rk and Qk reported by Magnussen et al. [16].
The Antoine equation was used in this work for the estimation of vapour pressure for methanol, ethanol, glycerol and water, with constants taken from Veneral et al. [9]. Due to the working temperature limit of the ebulliometer used in the present work, boiling data of pure biodiesel could not be obtained. However the biodiesel (mixture de FAME or FAEE) could be regarded as a near-ideal solution [17] and therefore the vapour pressure of biodiesel could be estimated according to Yuan et al. [5] through the following equation:
equation(1)
View the MathML source
Turn MathJax on
where View the MathML source is the saturation pressure of biodiesel i , View the MathML source is the saturation pressure of FAME or FAEE (ester) present in biodiesel i , and View the MathML source is the mole fraction of molecule m in the pseudo-component i . The value of View the MathML source was calculated through the Antoine equation using the constants A, B and C reported by Yuan et al. [5] and Silva et al. [18] for FAME and FAEE, respectively.
equation(2)
View the MathML source
Turn MathJax on
where T is the temperature of system and A, B and C are adjustable parameters to each component i.
The binary interaction parameters of UNIQUAC model were fitted based on the minimization of the following objective function:
equation(3)
View the MathML source
Turn MathJax on
where NP is the number of experimental points, View the MathML source is the calculated boiling temperature and View the MathML source is the experimental boiling temperature.
Additional details regarding activity coefficients calculation, vapour phase compositions as well objective function minimization can be found elsewhere [9].
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