( Accounting Standard for Financial Instruments 27, 28)
Bad debt allowances are estimated differently depending on the category of financial asset as follows:
► General receivables: Calculated based on the historical rates of doubtful debts and reasonable assumptions.
► Receivables with risk of default: Depending on the situation of the receivable, either of the following methods are applied consistently:
► calculation of the doubtful debt amount, based on the irrecoverable balance remaining after reducing it by the amount expected to be collected from collateral and similar items.
► estimation of the amount of doubtful debts as the difference between the present value of future cash flows and book value.
Bankrupt, delinquent, and doubtful receivables: The estimated doubtful debt amount is the irrecoverable amount remaining after deduction of amounts expected to be collected through realisation of collateral.