Another question is related to the causal chain of effects related
to emotional design. Our theoretical approach for the present
study, and the previous research we reviewed, suggest that the
design affected emotion, and the experienced emotion (inspired
and interested) resulted in changes in the other affective variables.
However, one could imagine other interpretations of our findings,
for example, that the emotional design resulted in a perception of
the task as easy, which led to the positive emotions we observed.
Future research should further investigate the causal effects related
to emotion, affect, and learning.