and Black, 2002) findings. For the positive effect of
board structure, Chen et al. (2006) find that board
independence can reduce fraud for Chinese firms.
Cucculelli and Micucci (2008) find that in Italian
firms, family CEO successions impact firm performance
negatively. As a result of concentrated ownership
and family-based companies, management’s
incentives generally align with those of shareholders.
In this setting, however, large shareholders may be
able to extract greater private benefits from individual
investors and creditors, and thus we argue that