Fieldwork was conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Walvis Bay, Namibia, using multiple methods to contact captains. The demersal longline and trawl fleet is comprised of corporateowned vessels: at that time 63 demersal trawl vessels and 13 longline vessels were licensed to operate in Namibian waters, but it is not known how many were active (Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources 2011a).